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(Sanchez & Silva, 2017)

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Dv Initial Source Misophonia MOC

Dv Status #status/Bare-bones-review

Dv Limitations • Diagnosis and associated symptom reporting were self-reported, not clinically verified. • Small sample size from a single family limits generalizability. • Environmental influence vs. genetic influence not definitively disentangled.

Dv Future Directions • Larger-scale family studies and twin studies to explore genetic underpinnings. • Inclusion of objective clinical evaluations and longitudinal designs. • Investigation into potential diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches.

Dv Relevance • Study that looked at familial inheritance of misophonia in 12 subjects, gathered case data on trigger hierarchy, looked at comorbidity with other disorders, factors that influenced the intensity of a trigger, and gathered case data on the impact of misophonia on various aspects of the subject’s quality of life. • Concluded a strong possibility of an autosomal dominant inheritance for the disorder.

Familial misophonia or selective sound sensitivity syndrome : evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance?

Status:: #status/Bare-bones-review

Metadata

Item Type: #journalArticle
Authors: Tanit Ganz Sanchez, Fúlvia Eduarda da Silva
Date: 09/2017
Date Added: 2020-01-15
URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1808869417301143
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.06.014
Cite key: sanchezFamilialMisophoniaSelective2017
Topics: primary Resources
Tags: #Misophonia, #Article-review, #added-to-Misophonia-data-base, #Fully-reviewd, #noted, #reviewed, #to-be-annotated, #tags-need-to-be-checked, #zotero, #literature-notes, #reference
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Abstract

Introduction: Misophonia is a recently described, poorly understood and neglected condition. It is characterized by strong negative reactions of hatred, anger or fear when subjects have to face some selective and low level repetitive sounds. The most common ones that trigger such aversive reactions are those elicited by the mouth (chewing gum or food, popping lips) or the nose (breathing, snifﬁng, and blowing) or by the ﬁngers (typing, kneading paper, clicking pen, drumming on the table). Previous articles have cited that such individuals usually know at least one close relative with similar symptoms, suggesting a possible hereditary component.

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Background/Purpose	Background- • Misophonia is under-researched, misunderstood, and often dismissed. • Individuals with misophonia report strong, disproportionate emotional reactions to specific low-level repetitive sounds, particularly those generated by the mouth, nose, or fingers. • Existing literature has noted that individuals with misophonia often have close relatives with similar symptoms, suggesting a potential hereditary basis. Purpose- • To describe the clinical and behavioral characteristics of 15 individuals from a single family with misophonia. • To assess the distribution and severity of symptoms. • To explore the possibility of a hereditary etiology, specifically autosomal dominant inheritance.
Participants/samples	• 15 individuals from the same family, spanning three generations (age range: 9–73 years; mean = 38.3). • 10 females (66.6%); all participants were Caucasian and lived in three Brazilian cities. • 12 of the 15 participants completed a custom misophonia questionnaire.
Measures	• Assessment tool: Custom-designed questionnaire assessing: • Age of symptom onset • Evolution of symptoms • Specific trigger sounds • Emotional reactions • Coping behaviors • Impact on daily life • Associated symptoms (e.g., anxiety, tinnitus, OCD) • VAS score for level of annoyance (0–10) • Behavioral responses recorded: • Avoidance of places • Requests to stop triggering sounds • Interpersonal conflict • Self-reported psychological and otologic symptoms: • Anxiety (91.3%) • Tinnitus (50%) • OCD (41.6%) • Depression (33.3%) • Hyperacusis (25%)
Procedures	• Stimuli: Low-level repetitive sounds such as gum chewing, nose blowing, typing, and other mouth/nose/finger-generated sounds. • Task: Participants completed the questionnaire via phone, email, or Skype. The questionnaire included both structured and open-ended items (see Figure 1, page 3).
Results	• Symptom onset occurred between ages 2–33, mostly during childhood/adolescence. • Duration of symptoms ranged from 7 to 60 years (mean = 30). • Most participants rated their annoyance as high (mean VAS score = 7.3; median = 7.5) (Figure 6, page 5). • Common emotional reactions: hatred/anger (83.3%), irritability, anxiety. • Common behavioral reactions: requesting cessation of noise (75%), leaving the room (66.7%), arguing (58.3%). • Trigger sounds varied by person, with chewing gum, nose blowing, and paper sounds being most frequent (Figure 4, page 4). • 50% reported stronger reactions to known individuals producing trigger sounds than to strangers. • No participants had previously sought treatment.
Discussion/Limits	Conclusion- • Misophonia likely begins in childhood or adolescence and persists chronically. • Strong emotional reactions are triggered by specific low-level, repetitive sounds. • Familial clustering of symptoms suggests a possible autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. • Misophonia may be underdiagnosed and more common than reported due to lack of awareness.
Limitations::	• Diagnosis and associated symptom reporting were self-reported, not clinically verified. • Small sample size from a single family limits generalizability. • Environmental influence vs. genetic influence not definitively disentangled.
Future Directions::	• Larger-scale family studies and twin studies to explore genetic underpinnings. • Inclusion of objective clinical evaluations and longitudinal designs. • Investigation into potential diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches.
Relevance::	• Study that looked at familial inheritance of misophonia in 12 subjects, gathered case data on trigger hierarchy, looked at comorbidity with other disorders, factors that influenced the intensity of a trigger, and gathered case data on the impact of misophonia on various aspects of the subject’s quality of life. • Concluded a strong possibility of an autosomal dominant inheritance for the disorder.

My notes

key terms

Misophonia – A condition characterized by intense emotional reactions (hatred, anger, fear) to specific, low-level, repetitive sounds (e.g., chewing, sniffing, typing).
Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome (4S) – An alternative term for misophonia, emphasizing the specific nature of sound triggers.
Autosomal dominant inheritance – A pattern of inheritance where a trait can be passed to offspring when only one parent possesses the gene mutation; suggested in this study as a possible explanation for familial misophonia.
Hyperacusis – A condition where individuals experience heightened sensitivity to normal environmental sounds.
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) – A psychometric response scale used to measure the intensity of symptoms, here used to rate misophonia annoyance.

Misc notes

On inheritance pattern:

Transmission observed across three generations, with both male and female transmission, consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance.
One participant noted that the condition was regarded as a recognizable trait of the "Andrade" side of the family.

On selectivity:

Not all sounds are bothersome—triggers are idiosyncratic and consistent within individuals.
Barking was noted as a common trigger, challenging the idea that misophonia only involves human-generated sounds.

On diagnostic implications:

Differentiation between misophonia and hyperacusis is essential: misophonia is not a general sound intolerance, but selective and emotional in nature.
Misophonia’s association with psychiatric (e.g., OCD, anxiety) and otologic symptoms (e.g., tinnitus) suggests it may benefit from interdisciplinary assessment.

Zettlekasten

Sanchez and Silva 2017 on possible genetic influences in Misophonia