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Prevalence of Misophonia and Correlates of Its Symptoms among Inpatients with Depression
Status:: #status/Bare-bones-review
Metadata
- Item Type: #journalArticle
- Authors: Marta Siepsiak, Anna Maria Sobczak, Bartosz Bohaterewicz, Łukasz Cichocki, Wojciech Łukasz Dragan
- Date: 2020-07-29
- Date Added: 2020-07-03
- URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/15/5464
- DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155464
- Cite key: undefined
- Topics: refrences to mark up, ../Misophonia MOC
- Tags: #to-review, #Misophonia, #added-to-Misophonia-data-base, #to-be-annotated, #to-mark, #tags-need-to-be-checked, #zotero, #literature-notes, #reference
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Abstract::
Misophonia is an underexplored condition that significantly decreases the quality of life of those who suffer from it. It has neurological and physiological correlates and is associated with a variety of psychiatric symptoms; however, a growing body of data suggests that it is a discrete disorder. While comorbid diagnoses among people with misophonia have been a matter of research interest for many years there is no data on the frequency of misophonia among people with psychiatric disorders. This could be the next step to reveal additional mechanisms underlying misophonia. Until recently, the use of a variety of non-validated questionnaires and the dominance of internet-based studies have been also a major obstacles to a proper definition of misophonia. A total of 94 inpatients diagnosed with depression were assessed for misophonia with face-to-face interviews as well as with MisoQuest—a validated misophonia questionnaire. The prevalence of misophonia among these patients and the congruence of MisoQuest with face-to-face interviews were evaluated. Additionally, the patients filled in a series of questionnaires that measured a variety of psychiatric symptoms and psychological traits. Anxiety, depression, impulsivity, somatic pain, vegetative symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, gender, and age were analyzed in relation to the severity of symptoms of misophonia. Between 8.5 to 12.76% of inpatients with depression were diagnosed with misophonia (depending on measurement and inclusion criteria). MisoQuest accuracy was equal to 92.55%, sensitivity-66.67% and specificity-96.34%. Severity of misophonia symptoms was positively correlated to the greatest extent with anxiety. Moderate positive correlation was also found between severity of misophonia symptoms and depressive symptoms, intrusions, and somatic pain; a weak positive correlation was found between severity of misophonia and non-planning impulsivity, motor impulsivity, avoidance, and vegetative symptoms. There was no relationship between the severity of misophonia symptoms and attentional impulsivity or the age of participants.
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| Background/Purpose | Background- • despite interest in comorbid Dxs for Misophonia, there is no data on the frequency of misophonia among a psychiatrics population. • up to this point, most studies have used non-validated questionnaires • Misophonia is a poorly understood condition with no formal DSM-5 or ICD-11 classification. • It shows overlap with multiple psychiatric symptoms but may be a discrete disorder. • Past research used non-validated tools and online samples, limiting generalizability. • Prior studies focused on how often people with misophonia have psychiatric diagnoses; the reverse—how often psychiatric patients have misophonia—remained unexplored. Purpose- • explore if vegetative symptoms and pain are also associated with the severity of misophonia. • asses external validity of MisoQuest • Estimate the prevalence of misophonia among inpatients with depression. • Assess the external validity of MisoQuest compared to face-to-face interviews. • Examine the relationship between misophonia severity and symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, impulsivity, vegetative symptoms, and somatic pain. |
| Participants/samples | Sample- 94 in patients diagnosed with depression • 94 psychiatric inpatients (originally 100; 6 excluded due to missing data). • All had a clinical diagnosis of depression per ICD-10. • Excluded: OCD, psychosis, substance use disorders, bipolar depression, and cognitive impairment. • Gender: ~45.7% women; Age: 18–79 years (M = 39.95, SD = 14.9). |
| Measures | - MisoQuest: Assessed misophonia; cutoff set at 61/70 based on prior validation. - Semi-structured interview: Based on Schröder et al.'s criteria to validate MisoQuest. - HADS: Measured depression and anxiety symptoms. - SCL-27-plus: Measured vegetative symptoms, pain, agoraphobia, social phobia. - BIS-11: Measured impulsivity (attentional, motor, non-planning). - IES-R: Measured PTSD symptoms (intrusions, arousal, avoidance). |
| Procedures | • Participants underwent both MisoQuest and a face-to-face diagnostic interview for misophonia. • Additional questionnaires were completed individually with researcher support. • Analysis included Pearson correlations and sensitivity/specificity calculations. |
| Results | • 8.5-12. 76% of inpatients with depression where diagnosed with Misophonia. • MisoQuest accuracy = 92. 55%, sensitivity= 66. 67%, specificity= 96. 34% • severity of misophonia symptoms positively correlated with severity of anxiety. • Moderate positive correlation was also found between severity of misophonia symptoms and depressive symptoms, intrusions, and somatic pain. • a weak positive correlation was found between severity of misophonia and non-planning impulsivity, motor impulsivity, avoidance, and vegetative symptoms. • There was no relationship between the severity of misophonia symptoms and attentional impulsivity or the age of participants • Prevalence: 8.5% diagnosed with misophonia via both methods; up to 12.76% if including mild cases. • MisoQuest Validity: • Accuracy: 92.55 • Sensitivity: 66.67% • Specificity: 96.34% - Correlates of Misophonia Severity: • Anxiety: Strongest correlation (r = 0.444, p < .001) • Depression: Moderate correlation (r = 0.325, p = .001) • PTSD symptoms: • Intrusions: r = 0.324, p = .001 • Arousal: r = 0.325, p = .001 • Avoidance: r = 0.263, p = .010 • Impulsivity: • Motor: r = 0.205, p = .047 • Non-planning: r = 0.204, p = .049 • Attentional: not significant - Somatic pain: r = 0.307, p = .003 - Vegetative symptoms: r = 0.276, p = .007 - Age: No significant relationship - Gender: Women had significantly higher symptom severity (p = .015) |
| Discussion/Limits | Conclusion- • MisoQuest showed good accuracy making it a good assessment, but it has lower sensitivity then specificity, and thus runs the risk of false negatives. • The severity of misophonia symptoms was associated weakly to moderately with various symptoms and psychological characteristics and was the most associated with anxiety. • Misophonia affects ~8.5–12.76% of patients with depression. • MisoQuest is a valid screening tool, especially for identifying severe cases. • Anxiety is the strongest psychological correlate of misophonia, suggesting a potential mediating role or shared mechanism. • Depression, impulsivity (motor, non-planning), PTSD symptoms, and somatic symptoms are also associated, but to a lesser degree. |
| Limitations:: | • Missing demographic data (age, gender) limited some analyses. • Comparisons to other studies are difficult due to differing tools (e.g., MQ vs. MisoQuest). • Relatively small sample and underrepresentation of PTSD-diagnosed patients. |
| Future Directions:: | • Comparative studies using consistent diagnostic tools across populations. • Investigations into trait anxiety and neuroticism versus anxiety disorders. • Explore differences between general sound sensitivity and misophonia. • Validate MisoQuest in general population samples. |
| Relevance:: | good source for info on misophonia in a psychiatric population. also good source of info on the MisoQuest assessment. |
Notes
key terms and concepts:
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Misophonia – A condition involving decreased sound tolerance where specific sounds elicit disproportionately strong emotional and physiological responses such as anger, disgust, or anxiety, often leading to distress or impairment.
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MisoQuest – A validated 14-item self-report questionnaire developed in Poland to assess the severity of misophonia symptoms.
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HADS – Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, a 14-item tool measuring anxiety and depression.
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SCL-27-plus – Symptom Checklist measuring a broad range of psychopathological symptoms, including vegetative symptoms and somatic pain.
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BIS-11 – Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, assessing attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity.
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IES-R – Impact of Event Scale-Revised, assessing PTSD symptoms including intrusion, hyperarousal, and avoidance.
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Hyperacusis – General sound sensitivity, often mentioned in contrast with the specific trigger-related response in misophonia.
my questions
my comments
misc. notes
- existing lit has shown a link between being annoyed with noise and anxiety symptoms. Quote
isc Notes
Assessment Tools
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The authors emphasize that MisoQuest captures moderate to severe misophonia, potentially missing milder forms. This explains the lower sensitivity.
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Face-to-face interviews offered richer diagnostic insight, highlighting the limits of self-report tools alone in clinical populations.
Gender Differences
- The gender effect on symptom severity may suggest the need for gender-normed scales or diagnostic thresholds, a point not currently addressed in misophonia assessment literature.
Theoretical Implications
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The stronger link to anxiety than to any specific disorder supports the framing of misophonia as a distinct but transdiagnostic construct influenced by core affective dimensions like arousal and emotional regulation.
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Results add to ongoing debate about whether misophonia should be categorized independently or within a broader psychopathological framework (e.g., sensory processing or anxiety spectrum disorders).