Properties (9)

Id 74e2fc36-eb7c-4522-9038-a6670b052a52

Checked For Zettle Notes true

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Aliases

(McKay et al., 2018)

Dv Initial Source Misophonia MOCMisophonia

Dv Status #status/Bare-bones-review

Dv Limitations • Sole reliance on self-report measures and online sampling limits diagnostic clarity. • No structured clinical interviews were used to confirm misophonia or psychiatric diagnoses. • Only one of three profiles extracted showed a meaningful group distinction, accounting for a modest variance (11%). • Future work should use clinical samples and structured interviews to validate findings.

Dv Future Directions • Investigate interoceptive processing and anxiety sensitivity as mechanisms in misophonia. • Explore therapeutic implications, such as interoceptive exposure treatments. • Clarify whether misophonia is best conceptualized as a psychopathological condition or a sensory processing dysfunction.

Profile Analysis of Psychological Symptoms Associated With Misophonia: A Community Sample

Status:: #status/Bare-bones-review

Metadata

Item Type: #journalArticle
Authors: Dean McKay, Se-Kang Kim, Lauren Mancusi, Eric A. Storch, Christopher Spankovich
Date: 03/2018
Date Added: 2020-01-15
URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0005789417300771
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.07.002
Cite key: mckayProfileAnalysisPsychological2018
Topics: primary Resources
Tags: #Misophonia, #Article-review, #added-to-Misophonia-data-base, #Fully-reviewd, #noted, #reviewed, #to-be-annotated, #tags-need-to-be-checked, #zotero, #literature-notes, #reference

Zotero links

Article Review table


Background/Purpose	Background- • Misophonia is increasingly recognized as a source of significant distress and impairment, but lacks a cohesive theoretical framework. • Prior studies suggest misophonia may overlap with OCD, anxiety, depression, and other forms of psychopathology, but findings are mixed. • Misophonia has also been discussed in connection to Tourette’s, autism spectrum disorder, tinnitus, and physiological sound sensitivity (e.g., hyperacusis). • Recent large-scale work (e.g., Rouw & Erfanian) shows that many with misophonia report no comorbid diagnoses, highlighting the need for dimensional assessments rather than categorical diagnoses. • Emotional responses to misophonia triggers (often visual or auditory) include anger, disgust, and anxiety. Purpose- • To identify psychological profiles characterizing individuals with vs. without misophonia in a large community sample. • Hypotheses included distinctions in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (especially ordering and harm avoidance), anxiety sensitivity (interoceptive awareness), and general psychopathology indicators. • PAMS was used to detect latent psychological profiles that differentiate individuals based on self-reported misophonia severity.
Participants/samples	• N = 628 adults (age 18–75, M = 35.08, SD = 11.62); 57.2% female; primarily U.S.-based and Caucasian. • Participants recruited via Amazon MTurk; paid $2.50 for participation. • Classified as misophonia (n = 121) vs. non-misophonia (n = 507) based on scores on the Misophonia Questionnaire.
Measures	• Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ) – Assesses misophonia symptoms, emotional/behavioral responses, and severity of sound sensitivity. • Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Revised (OCI-R) – Measures six OCD domains (washing, checking, obsessions, neutralizing, ordering, hoarding). • Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire–44 (OBQ-44) – Assesses beliefs related to responsibility, threat estimation, perfectionism, and control of thoughts. • Obsessive-Compulsive Trait Core Dimensions Questionnaire (OC-TCDQ) – Assesses harm avoidance and incompleteness. • Anxiety Sensitivity Index–3 (ASI-3) – Focus on physical concerns subscale for interoceptive sensitivity. • Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), DASS-21, Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ) – Assess anxiety, depression, stress, and interoceptive awareness. • Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) – Measures tolerance and regulation of distress. • Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Scales (BIS/BAS) – Behavioral tendencies toward inhibition and approach. • Dimensions of Anger Reactions (DAR) and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) – Measure anger proneness and dissociation.
Procedures	• All measures were completed online via MTurk. • PAMS was used to generate and evaluate profile patterns across multiple psychological variables, comparing misophonia vs. non-misophonia groups.
Results	• Three profiles were extracted; only the third profile (accounting for 11% of variance) significantly differentiated misophonia from non-misophonia groups. • Profile 3 Findings: • Misophonia group showed: • Lower scores on neutralizing, obsessions, and washing. • Higher scores on ordering and harm avoidance (OCI-R, OC-TCDQ). • Higher physical concern (ASI-3), suggesting increased interoceptive awareness. • Correlations (Table 2, Fig. 1 on p. 7): • Significant positive correlations with: • OBQ subscales: responsibility/threat, perfectionism/intolerance of uncertainty. • Depression, anxiety, stress (DASS-21). • Anger (DAR), dissociation (DES), BIS/BAS, BPQ subscales. • No significant correlation with OBQ–importance/control of thoughts or DTS.
Discussion/Limits	Conclusion- • Misophonia may reflect a unique clinical profile with partial overlap with obsessive-compulsive and anxiety-related traits, particularly ordering and harm avoidance. • Interoceptive sensitivity (e.g., bodily awareness of distress) may be a relevant mechanism or consequence of misophonia. • Misophonia does not strongly cluster with general OCD traits (e.g., washing, checking) but shows selective associations with specific dimensions. • Findings suggest misophonia may be either a unique syndrome or involve mechanisms not adequately captured by standard psychopathology profiles.
Limitations::	• Sole reliance on self-report measures and online sampling limits diagnostic clarity. • No structured clinical interviews were used to confirm misophonia or psychiatric diagnoses. • Only one of three profiles extracted showed a meaningful group distinction, accounting for a modest variance (11%). • Future work should use clinical samples and structured interviews to validate findings.
Future Directions::	• Investigate interoceptive processing and anxiety sensitivity as mechanisms in misophonia. • Explore therapeutic implications, such as interoceptive exposure treatments. • Clarify whether misophonia is best conceptualized as a psychopathological condition or a sensory processing dysfunction.
Relevance::

My notes

key terms

Misophonia – A condition marked by extreme aversive emotional and physiological responses to specific classes of sounds (e.g., chewing, breathing), often leading to distress and avoidance behaviors.
Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) – Symptom clusters typically seen in OCD, such as washing, checking, ordering, and intrusive thoughts, assessed dimensionally in this study.
Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) – A statistical method that models patterns (profiles) in psychological data by evaluating individual variance and associating these with broader group characteristics.
Interoceptive Awareness – Sensitivity to internal bodily sensations, measured here as physical concern via ASI-3, relevant to misophonia’s physiological symptomatology.
Anxiety Sensitivity Index–3 (ASI-3) – A measure assessing anxiety sensitivity across physical, cognitive, and social domains; the physical subscale was key in this study.
Incompleteness – A core cognitive feature associated with OCD, involving a need for things to feel or be "just right", measured here as a trait in misophonia profiles.
Harm Avoidance – A cognitive-behavioral trait linked to avoidance of situations that might cause harm; evaluated as part of the obsessive-compulsive trait dimensions.

Misc notes

Key data visualization

Figure 1 (p. 7) illustrates Profile 3 differences: misophonia group peaks in ordering and physical anxiety sensitivity, with lower scores in other OCD dimensions.

Important statistical notes

Profile 3 correlations support a broader spectrum of distress-related features beyond OCD (e.g., dissociation, stress reactivity).
The GAD-7 showed a negative correlation with Profile 3 score, suggesting potentially distinct anxiety processes in misophonia.

Methodological strengths

Large community sample.
Comprehensive inclusion of multiple clinical dimensions beyond OCD (anger, dissociation, behavioral tendencies, etc.).
Use of PAMS allows person-centered analytic framework.

Conceptual takeaways

Misophonia is likely not a variant of OCD per se, but involves a nuanced constellation of traits—particularly ordering, harm avoidance, and heightened internal sensitivity to stress.
Emotional responses to misophonic triggers may be maintained or exacerbated by interoceptive hyperawareness, rather than obsessions or compulsions.

Zettelkasten

McKay 2018 psychological profile analysis findings about Misophonia and OCD