Properties (12)
Id 859e62ed-0fe5-4061-b568-b566d2028e1b
Cssclasses
  • purpleRed
Dissertation Source Tags
  • #Misophonia
  • Triggers
  • audio/visual integration
  • context
Quick Cites 3
In Depth Cites 1
Key Terms
  • PAVS
Dv Initial Source Misophonia MOCMisophonia
Dv Status #status/reviewed
Dv Limitations • authors did not confirm post hoc if subjects knew/suspected that they have listen to a sound twice, limiting claims of causation about the order effect that was seen. • the remote nature of the study means there was no standardization of the volume of the videos. by asking subjects about how "good" the video/audio matched might have caused mismatched trials to become artificially more salient, reducing the benefits of PAVS.
Dv Relevance • a good source on methods to look at audio/visual integration in misophonia • describes the validation of a good source for audio/visual Misophonic stim. • is the study with the source swapped videos • gives background info on research/ideas about the role of high level context in Misophonia
Checked For Zettle Notes true
Zotero Note Link Generated true

Development and Evaluation of a Sound-Swapped Video Database for Misophonia

Status:: #status/reviewed

Metadata

Abstract

Misophonia has been characterized as intense negative reactions to specific trigger sounds (often orofacial sounds like chewing, sniffling, or slurping). However, recent research suggests high-level, contextual, and multisensory factors are also involved. We recently demonstrated that neurotypicals’ negative reactions to aversive sounds (e.g., nails scratching a chalkboard) are attenuated when the sounds are synced with positive attributable video sources (PAVS; e.g., tearing a piece of paper). To assess whether this effect generalizes to misophonic triggers, we developed a Sound-Swapped Video (SSV) database for use in misophonia research. In Study 1, we created a set of 39 video clips depicting common trigger sounds (original video sources, OVS) and a corresponding set of 39 PAVS temporally synchronized with the OVS videos. In Study 2, participants (N = 34) rated the 39 PAVS videos for their audiovisual match and pleasantness. We selected the 20 PAVS videos with best match scores for use in Study 3. In Study 3, a new group of participants (n = 102) observed the 20 selected PAVS and 20 corresponding OVS and judged the pleasantness or unpleasantness of each sound in the two contexts accompanying each video. Afterward, participants completed the Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ). The results of Study 3 show a robust attenuating effect of PAVS videos on the reported unpleasantness of trigger sounds: trigger sounds were rated as significantly less unpleasant when paired with PAVS with than OVS. Moreover, this attenuating effect was present in nearly every participant (99 out of 102) regardless of their score on the MQ. In fact, we found a moderate positive correlation between the PAVS-OVS difference and misophonia severity scores. Overall our results provide validation that the SSV database is a useful stimulus database to study how misophonic responses can be modulated by visual contexts. Here, we release the SSV database with the best 18 PAVS and 18 OVS videos used in Study 3 along with aggregate ratings of audio-video match and pleasantness (https://osf.io/3ysfh/). We also provide detailed instructions on how to produce these videos, with the hope that this database grows and improves through collaborations with the community of misophonia researchers.

other Files

Article Review Table: (Samermit et al., 2022)
Background/Purpose Background-
• new research suggests the involvement of high-level, contextual, multisensory factors in the experience of Misophonia.
• research shows that negative reactions to unpleasant sounds can be attenuated by paring syncing with positive attributable video sources (PAVS).
• based on studies by kumar and Jager, the authors propose that misophonic reactions are the result of classical conditioning with orofacial sounds. the authors predict that by disrupting this association via pairing with alternative sources, that one can extinguish the misophonic response.
• OVS= " original video source", the original videos that sounds came from.

Purpose-
• see if the PAVS effect generalizes to misophonic reactions
• validate the distinction between different aversive misophonic reactions as described in existing lit(ex: anger vs irritation).
• predicts that the pairing of an auditory trigger with a PAVS will reduce 4 the misophonic response.
• EXP 1- generate and evaluate Audio-visual stim.
• EXP 2- evaluate 39 PAVS.
• EXP 3- evaluate the best 20 PAVS

Hypothesis- operating under the assumption that the Misophonic response is a learned association with orofacial sounds, the response can be disrupted by substituting visual components of trigger exposure with a neutral and plausible alternative. that is to say, they predict the Misophonic response to diminish if Misophonics think the sounds are coming from a non-trigger source.
Participants/samples • exp1: 80
• Exp2: 34
• Exp3: 102
Measures • Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ)
Procedures • EXP 1- conducted interview with with 80 people to find the most common trigger sounds, group them into categories, and then use this information to generate the PAVS.
• EXP 2- recruited 39 naïve adults and had them review all 39 PAVS in random order, and get self reports of how pleasant/unpleasant the video was, and the quality of the sound-video matching.
• EXP 3- recruited 102 naïve adults and had them watch and rate the 20 PAVS and 20 OVS stim
Results • study three found a robust attenuation effect of PAVS videos on reported responses to trigger sounds, with significantly less unpleasantness associated with the paring of OVS and PAVS.
• found a positive correlation between the PAVS-OVS difference and misophonia servility as indicated by MQ scores.
Discussion/Limits Conclusion-
• results validate the usefulness of the SSV database as a stim source for research looking into how visual stim modulates misophonic reactions.


Limitations:: • authors did not confirm post hoc if subjects knew/suspected that they have listen to a sound twice, limiting claims of causation about the order effect that was seen.
• the remote nature of the study means there was no standardization of the volume of the videos.
by asking subjects about how "good" the video/audio matched might have caused mismatched trials to become artificially more salient, reducing the benefits of PAVS.
Relevance:: • a good source on methods to look at audio/visual integration in misophonia
• describes the validation of a good source for audio/visual Misophonic stim.
• is the study with the source swapped videos
• gives background info on research/ideas about the role of high level context in Misophonia

Notes

my questions

my comments

misc. notes

Zettelkaten

Samermit 2022 findings on alternative source videos in Misophonia

Annotations

(8/15/2022, 3:39:19 PM)

and anger to an uncontrollable desire to physically harm the person producing it

i don't like the idea of it being "uncontrol able". it makes Misophonics sound violent.

Edelstein et al. (2020) found that contextual information that is presented alongside a sound can change the way it is perceived. In their experiment, they asked control participants and participants with misophonia to rate the aversiveness of sounds from three categories: human eating sounds (a common misophonic trigger), animal eating sounds, or no eating sounds. They found that participants with misophonia rated human eating sounds that they incorrectly identified as animal eating sounds or as non-eating sounds as less aversive compared to when they correctly identified them as human eating sounds. Their findings suggest that the attributed source of a sound influences its perceived aversiveness.

TLDR Edelstein 2020 findings on the impact of contextual info on perception.

in more recent work, Kumar et al. (2021) propose that this increased response is not a response to sound itself, but a result of “hypermirroring” in higher-order motor systems tied to the perception and production of trigger sounds. They found that compared to controls, the misophonia group had stronger connectivity between (1) the auditory, visual, and ventral premotor cortex responsible for orofacial movements, (2) the auditory cortex and orofacial motor areas during sound perception generally, and (3) stronger activation in the orofacial motor area in response to trigger sounds. They propose the sound and visual cues tied to the sound are not the cause of increased responses. Rather, they are the medium through which the motor action of a sound-maker is mirrored by an individual with misophonia, driving increased arousal responses. Their findings implicate the mirror neuron system in the experience of misophonia. When an individual with misophonia hears or sees another person doing a triggering action, auditory and visual mirroring processes allow them to create a representation of these actions (Rizzolatti et al., 1996; Aglioti and Pazzaglia, 2010), including their behavioral intentions in social interactions (Gallese, 2009). The motor basis for misophonia supports the hypothesis that high-level contexts, including the interpretation of social intent of the trigger producer, may play a role in the experience of misophonic trigger responses.

summary of Kumar 2021 study on role of mirror neurons in misophonia

As such, we hypothesize that individuals with misophonia may have learned negative associations between trigger sounds and their source, which are predominantly orofacial sounds produced by others during eating or during repetitive movements (Jager et al., 2020). We propose that if we can disrupt this association by providing a plausible alternative visual source, individuals with misophonia may experience an alleviated misophonic trigger response.

^kjh7yg

the authors take on the cause of misophonic reactions, and the ability to extinguish them via new associations

Recently, Samermit et al. (2019) expanded on the role of synchronized audio-visual integration in the perception of aversive sounds. In that study, we presented neurotypical observers with a set of aversive sounds (e.g., sound of nails scratching on a chalkboard) synced with either the Original Video Source (OVS; e.g., a video of someone dragging nails down a chalkboard) or a Positive Alternative Video Source (PAVS; e.g., a video of someone playing the flute). Participants provided ratings of discomfort (how comfortable or uncomfortable the sound made them feel), unpleasantness (how pleasant or unpleasant the sound was), and bodily sensations(the intensity of any experienced physiological response elicited by the sound). Across all three measures, we found that the cross-sensory temporal syncing of aversive sounds to positive alternative video sources(PAVS) attenuated the negative responses compared to the presentation of sounds with the original video source(OVS).

precious study by the authors about the role of audio-visual integration in the perception of aversive sounds PART 2

We hypothesize that the findings of Samermit et al. (2019) will extend to modulate misophonic trigger reactions: pairing a misophonic trigger sound with a PAVS will reduce the negative response to the sound.

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