Properties (14)
Id 5b6952a3-3e16-4520-871c-b6973006e7bc
Year 2022
Abstract Background/Aim Misophonia is a disorder characterized by reduced tolerance to specific sounds or stimuli known as “triggers,” which tend to evoke negative emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses. In this study, we aimed to better characterize participants with misophonia through the evaluation of the response of the autonomic nervous system to “trigger sounds,” a psychometric assessment, and the analysis of the neurological pathways. Materials and methods Participants included 11 adults presenting with misophonic disturbance and 44 sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Following recently proposed diagnostic criteria, the participants listened to six “trigger sounds” and a “general annoyance” sound (baby crying) during a series of physiological tests. The effects were examined through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), and of galvanic skin conductance (GSC). The fMRI was performed on a 3T Scanner. The HRV was obtained through the analysis of electrocardiogram, whereas the GSC was examined through the positioning of silver-chloride electrodes on fingers. Furthermore, the psychometric assessment included questionnaires focused on misophonia, psychopathology, resilience, anger, and motivation. Results Participants with misophonia showed patterns of increased sympathetic activation in response to trigger sounds and a general annoyance sound, the low frequency (LF) component of HRV, the sympathetic index, and the number of significant GSC over the threshold, where the amplitude/phasic response of GSC was higher. The fMRI analysis provided evidence for the activation of the temporal cortex, the limbic area, the ventromedial prefrontal/premotor/cingulate cortex, and the cerebellum in participants with misophonia. In addition, the psychometric assessment seemed to differentiate misophonia as a construct independent from general psychopathology. Conclusion These results suggest the activation of a specific auditory-insula-limbic pathway at the basis of the sympathetic activation observed in participants with misophonia in response to “trigger and general annoyance sounds.” Further studies should disentangle the complex issue of whether misophonia represents a new clinical disorder or a non-pathological condition. These results could help to build diagnostic tests to recognize and better classify this disorder. The relevance of this question goes beyond purely theoretical issues, as in the first case, participants with misophonia should receive a diagnosis and a targeted treatment, while in the second case, they should not.
Cssclasses
- purpleRed
Aliases
- (Grossini et al., 2022)
Key Terms
- Orthosympathetic/Parasympathetic Balance
- Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
- Galvanic Skin Conductance (GSC)
Import Date 08-31-2024
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Initial Source
Dv Status #status/Bare-bones-review
Dv Limitations • wildly unbalanced sample
Dv Future Directions • Further studies should explore different activation patterns and include larger, more diverse samples.
Dv Relevance • looked at several physiological indicators during Misophonia trigger exposure (fMRI, HR, GSC ) • results suggest increased sympathetic activation in response to triggers and activation of the temporal cortex, the limbic area, the ventromedial prefrontal/premotor/cingulate cortex, and the cerebellum in Misophonics • authors conclude that misophonia specific sympathetic activation is the result of activation of specific insula-limbic pathways • some interesting findings that are mainly inline with what we know already. a good source to tap should we ever care about hart rate variability in Misophonia
Misophonia: Analysis of the neuroanatomic patterns at the basis of psychiatric symptoms and changes of the orthosympathetic/ parasympathetic balance
Status:: #status/Bare-bones-review
Metadata
- Item Type: #journalArticle
- Authors: Elena Grossini, Alessandro Stecco, Carla Gramaglia, Daniel De Zanet, Roberto Cantello, Benedetta Gori, Davide Negroni, Danila Azzolina, Daniela Ferrante, Alessandro Feggi, Alessandro Carriero, Patrizia Zeppegno,
- Date:
- Date Added: 1708900491000
- URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.827998/full
- DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.827998
- Cite Key: grossiniMisophoniaAnalysisNeuroanatomic2022
- Topics: [object Object]
- Tags: #Misophonia, #Neurology, #Fmri, #anatomic-pathways, #autonomic-system, #functional-magnetic-resonance, #psychometric-assessment, #trigger-sounds, #physiological-measures, #HR, #Bare-bones-review-🦴
- PDF Attachments
article review table
| Background/Purpose | Background- • Misophonia involves strong negative reactions to specific sounds, which are not typically distressing to most people. • Previous research has identified misophonia as an affective auditory processing disorder with increased connectivity between the limbic and sympathetic nervous systems. • There is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the neuropsychiatric features and autonomic nervous system activation in response to trigger sounds. Purpose- • characterize the physiological, psychiatric, and neurological correlates of misophonia. • To analyze the orthosympathetic/parasympathetic balance during exposure to trigger sounds. |
| Participants/samples | • 11 adults with misophonia and 44 sex-matched healthy controls. • Participants were recruited based on specific inclusion criteria (e.g., age ≥ 14, presence of misophonic symptoms). |
| Measures | • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activation. • HRV and GSC to evaluate autonomic nervous system responses. • Psychometric assessments to evaluate misophonia and related psychopathology. |
| Procedures | • Participants were exposed to six trigger sounds and one general annoyance sound (baby crying). • Physiological responses were recorded during the exposure to these sounds. • Stimuli used: • 6 “trigger” sounds (e.g., chewing, pen clicking, nails tapping) and 1 general annoyance sound (baby crying) • Standardized to 70 dB HL using Audacity • Presented using Beats Solo2 headphones • Experimental protocol: • Each sound: 30s × 4 repetitions, separated by silence, total ~42 minutes. • Recordings included HRV, GSC, and fMRI under consistent temperature and blinded conditions. |
| Results | • Participants with misophonia showed increased sympathetic activation in response to trigger sounds. • fMRI results indicated activation in the temporal cortex, limbic area, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum. • Psychometric assessments differentiated misophonia from general psychopathology • Autonomic responses: • Misophonia group showed increased sympathetic activation: elevated LF, LF/HF ratio, SNS/stress index, and GSC parameters (CDA.nSCR, AmpSum, etc.). • Control group showed increased parasympathetic responses (HRV, RMSSD, PNS index) and decreased GSC responses during triggers. • Psychometrics: • Misophonia group had significantly higher scores on all misophonia-specific scales (A-MISO-S, MQ, MAS-1, MAQ). • No significant group differences in general psychopathology (Y-BOCS, HAM-A, HAM-D, STAI, SCL-90). • Misophonia group had lower scores on RSA subscales, suggesting reduced resilience. • fMRI findings: • Misophonia group showed strong activation in: • Auditory cortex (BA 41, 42) • Temporal cortex (BA 21, 22) • Premotor cortex (BA 6) • Limbic regions: insula, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex • Cerebellum • These activations were largely absent or less pronounced in HCs. |
| Discussion/Limits | Conclusion- • Misophonia may involve a specific auditory-insula-limbic pathway leading to sympathetic activation. • The study suggests misophonia could be a distinct clinical disorder or a non-pathological condition • Misophonia is associated with specific neurophysiological and neural signatures, supporting its distinctiveness from general psychopathology. • There is a clear sympathetic hyperactivation in response to trigger sounds, mediated by an auditory–insula–limbic circuit. • Misophonia may warrant classification as a unique clinical condition with implications for diagnosis and treatment. |
| Limitations:: | • wildly unbalanced sample |
| Future Directions:: | • Further studies should explore different activation patterns and include larger, more diverse samples. |
| Relevance:: | • looked at several physiological indicators during Misophonia trigger exposure (fMRI, HR, GSC ) • results suggest increased sympathetic activation in response to triggers and activation of the temporal cortex, the limbic area, the ventromedial prefrontal/premotor/cingulate cortex, and the cerebellum in Misophonics • authors conclude that misophonia specific sympathetic activation is the result of activation of specific insula-limbic pathways • some interesting findings that are mainly inline with what we know already. a good source to tap should we ever care about hart rate variability in Misophonia |
Notes
key terms and concepts:
- Orthosympathetic/Parasympathetic Balance: The balance between the sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous systems.
- Heart Rate Variability (HRV): A measure of the variation in time between each heartbeat, used to assess autonomic nervous system activity.
- Galvanic Skin Conductance (GSC): A measure of the skin's ability to conduct electricity, which varies with its moisture level and is used to assess sympathetic nervous system activity.
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- this is a wildly unbalanced sample. 11 miso to 44 controls... like seriously wtf?! (pdf)
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Grossini 2022 conclusions on auditory-insula-limbic pathways in Misophonia