Body

topographical and spatiotemporal differences

Karupaiah et al. (2025) recorded multichannel ALLR to a non-trigger speech stimulus in misophonic and control adults, finding that while controls showed the typical fronto-central N1 scalp distribution, the misophonia group exhibited a Centro-parietal distribution, with the pattern reversing at P2. Cluster-based permutation testing localized the group difference to a 198–254 ms window over fronto-central and Centro-parietal electrodes, overlapping the N1-P2 epoch. The authors interpret this shifted topography as evidence of altered spatial organization of auditory cortical generators in misophonia, potentially reflecting auditory-limbic dysregulation consistent with anterior insula hyperactivity documented in fMRI work (Karupaiah et al., 2025).